A-Z of Linux Commands
There are
literally thousands of commands, so while this is not a complete A-Z, it does contain
many of the commands you will most likely need. You will probably find that you
end up using a smaller set of commands over and over again but having an
overall knowledge is still very useful.
A
adduser : Add
a new user
arch : Print
machine architecture
awk : Find
and replace text within file(s)
B
bc : An
arbitrary precision calculator language
C
cat : Concatenate
files and print on the standard output
chdir : Change
working directory
chgrp : Change
the group ownership of files
chroot : Change
root directory
cksum : Print
CRC checksum and byte counts
cmp : Compare
two files
comm : Compare
two sorted files line by line
cp : Copy
one or more files to another location
crontab : Schedule
a command to run at a later time
csplit : Split
a file into context determined pieces
cut : Divide
a file into several parts
D
date : Display
or change the date & time
dc : Desk
calculator
dd : Data
Dump, convert and copy a file
diff : Display
the differences between two files
dirname : Convert
a full path name to just a path
du : Estimate
file space usage
E
echo : Display
message on screen ed A line oriented text editor (edlin)
egrep : Search
file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
env : Display,
set or remove environment variables
expand : Convert
tabs to spaces
expr : Evaluate
expressions
F
factor : Print
prime factors
fdisk : Partition
table manipulator for Linux
fgrep : Search
file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
find : Search
for files that meet a desired criteria
fmt : Reformat
paragraph text
fold : Wrap
text to fit a specified width
format : Format
disks or tapes
fsck : Filesystem
consistency check and repair
G
gawk : Find
and Replace text within file(s)
grep : Search
file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
groups : Print
group names a user is in
gzip : Compress
or decompress named file(s)
H
head : Output
the first part of file(s)
hostname : Print
or set system name
I
id : Print
user and group ids info Help info
install : Copy
files and set attributes
J
join : Join
lines on a common field
K
kill : Stop
a process from running
L
less : Display
output one screen at a time
ln : Make
links between files
locate : Find files
logname : Print current login name
lpc : Line printer control program
lpr : Off line print
lprm : Remove jobs from the print queue
M
man : See Help manual
mkdir : Create new folder(s)
mkfifo : Make FIFOs (named pipes)
mknod : Make block or character special files
more : Display output one screen at a time
mount : Mount a file system
N
nice : Set the priority of a command or job
nl : Number lines and write files
nohup : Run a command immune to hangups
P
passwd : Modify a user password
paste : Merge lines of files
pathchk : Check file name portability
pr : Convert text files for printing
printcap : Printer capability database
printenv : Print environment variables
printf : Format and print data
Q
quota : Display disk usage and limits
quotacheck : Scan a file system for disk usage
quotactl : Set disk quotas
R
ram : Ram disk device
rcp : Copy files between two machines
rm : Remove files
rmdir : Remove folder(s)
rpm : Remote Package Manager
rsync : Remote file copy (synchronise
file trees)
S
screen : Terminal window manager
sdiff : Merge two files interactively
select : Accept keyboard input
seq : Print numeric sequences
shutdown : Shutdown or restart linux
sleep : Delay for a specified time
sort : Sort text files
split : Split a file into fixed-size pieces
su : Substitute user identity
sum : Print a checksum for a file
symlink : Make a new name for a file
sync : Synchronise data on disk with memory
T
tac : Concatenate and write files in reverse
tail : Output the last part of files
tar : Tape Archiver
tee : Redirect output to multiple files
test : Evaluate a conditional expression
time : Measure Program Resource Use
touch : Change file timestamps
top : List processes running on the system
traceroute : Trace Route to Host
tr : Translate, squeeze and or delete characters
tsort : Topological sort
U
umount : Unmount a device
unexpand : Convert spaces to tabs
uniq : Uniquify files
units : Convert units from one scale to another
unshar : Unpack shell archive scripts
useradd : Create new user account
usermod : Modify user account
users : List users currently logged in
V
vdir : Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b’)
W
watch : Execute or display a program periodically
wc : Print byte, word, and line counts
whereis : Report all known instances of a command
which : Locate a program file in the user’s path
who : Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami :
Print the current user id and name
X
xargs : Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
Y
yes : Print a string until interrupted
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