HTML 5 Technologies
The term HTML5 encompasses a broad spectrum of technologies that together provide a compelling platform for building great web applications. These can be organized into three areas:
Part 1 contains a chapter for each of these areas that introduces the fundamental concepts that you will need to understand in order to apply the material in the rest of the articles. This section is a must-read for anyone relatively new to web development.
Each chapter also provides a broad coverage of the technology so, even if you are fairly experienced, you will likely find some tidbits that you weren’t aware of or may have forgotten.
I suggest every reader at least skim through these chapters. You may need to come back to review these chapters as you work through some of the more advanced chapters.
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| HTML 5 Technologies |
- HTML – the web content, including markup instructions.
- CSS – the styling rules that define how the content is presented.
- JavaScript – provides client-side scripting and advanced capabilities.
Part 1 contains a chapter for each of these areas that introduces the fundamental concepts that you will need to understand in order to apply the material in the rest of the articles. This section is a must-read for anyone relatively new to web development.
Each chapter also provides a broad coverage of the technology so, even if you are fairly experienced, you will likely find some tidbits that you weren’t aware of or may have forgotten.
I suggest every reader at least skim through these chapters. You may need to come back to review these chapters as you work through some of the more advanced chapters.
Hypertext Markup Language
In this chapter I’ll explore the first leg of the HTML5 triad, which is the actual content that will be rendered in a web page. In the next two chapters I’ll explain how this content can be styled using CSS and introduce the JavaScript language. But we’ll start with the content.
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| Hypertext Markup Language 5 |
Note: I almost referred to this as raw content, but that would be an inaccurate description. A properly formed HTML document has a great deal of structure and organization.
Recall your earlier school days when your teacher returned your homework with red marks on it. Misspelled words, bad grammar, or other such mistakes would be circled or highlighted. You might call that a marked-up document, and generally the more marks, the worse the grade would be.
Similarly, a markup language is used to call out parts of the document and provide instructions or background information. The difference, however, is the audience. You may be good at reading HTML, and you certainly will be after reading this articles, but you are not the intended recipient. The markup is provided to the browser as instructions for how this should be rendered. As such, this markup itself must be syntactically precise.
Tip: HTML5 is a relatively mature standard, or more accurately, a set of standards that is managed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). For example, the overall HTML syntax is defined in https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/syntax.html. Much of the material in this articles can be gleaned from these specifications, and I encourage that you look at some of them and be aware that they exist. These standards can be modified, or more likely extended, over time and these specifications are the definitive authority.
HTML Document
HTML is generally produced and consumed as a document. We may talk about snippets of HTML but in most cases, a web site will respond to a request with a complete HTML document, which is then parsed by the client and rendered on a device.
As a brief introduction into HTML syntax, let’s look at a very simple HTML document. Listing 1-1
includes an HTML document version of Hello World.
Listing 1-1. Simple HTML5 Document
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>HTML5 Sample Document</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello World!
</body>
</html>
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